German grammar distinguishes between different parts of speech. This article provides teachers with exercises, games, and overview lists of these various parts of speech.

Kibemo Wiki - Table of Contents

1      Parts of speech
1.1       List of nouns
1.1.1        Masculine nouns
1.1.2        Feminine nouns
1.1.3        Neutral nouns
1.1.4        The 4 cases - nominative, genitive, dative and accusative
1.2       Verb List
1.2.1        Present tense (present)
1.2.2        Preterite (past tense)
1.2.3        Perfect tense (present perfect)
1.2.4        Pluperfect (Perfect Past)
1.2.5        Future I (Future)
1.2.6        Future Perfect (completed future)
1.2.7        Auxiliary verbs
1.2.8        Modal verbs
1.3       List of adjectives
1.3.1        Adjectives are comparative and superlative forms.
1.3.2        The predicative use of the adjective
1.3.3        The adverbial use of the adjective
1.4       Pronoun List
1.4.1        Personal pronouns
1.4.2        Reflexive pronouns
1.4.3        Possessive pronouns
1.4.4        relative
1.5       Particle list
1.5.1        Degree particles
1.5.2        Focus particles
1.5.3        Modal particles
1.6       The top exercise sites
1.6.1        Noun Exercises
1.6.2        Verb Exercises
1.6.3        Adjective exercises
1.6.4        Pronoun exercises
1.6.5        Particle Exercises

1       Parts of speech

In Switzerland, a distinction is made between different parts of speech.

There are parts of speech that can change their form, while others remain unchanged.

We present the most important ones to you:

noun	Man, dog, rose, house, newspaper, water, wood, Klaus, Bavaria, love
Verbs	write, travel, shop, read, understand, become, be able, fly
Adjectives	old, fierce, friendly, proud, German, female, beautiful, yellow, important
pronoun	I, he, these, one, which, a, my, someone, no one, themselves
Particles	even, indeed, just, quite, very, also

1.1      List of nouns

Objects, living beings, and even invisible things are nouns. Nouns can be objects like a blackboard, a truck, or apples, but also invisible, abstract, imagined things like love, confidence, and fun. Nouns have an article (the, a, a, a, etc.).

Examples: Persons (human beings) are nouns: Man, woman, child, Anna, Thomas, Mia, Luca Animals are nouns: Mouse, dog, bear, fish, bird Things and plants are nouns: cactus, fir tree, tree, house, table, book

1.1.1      Masculine nouns

Masculine (male) - the man, the barrel, the donkey, the ring, the saying, the sentence, the rain, the lid, the dream, the alarm clock, the wind, the moon...

1.1.2      Feminine nouns

Feminine (female) - the sun, love, woman, enlightenment, flower, barrel, traffic light, ceiling, rating, grade...

1.1.3      Neutral nouns

neuter (neuter) - the child, the result, the weather, the cloth, the nest, life, the word, the pendulum, the sheet, the plumb line, the knife...

1.1.4      The 4 cases - nominative, genitive, dative and accusative

case	Masculine	Feminine	neuter
nominative (1st case)	the man	the woman	the child
genitive (2nd case)	the man	the woman	the child
dative (3rd case)	the man	the woman	the child
accusative (4th case)	the man	the woman	the child

1.2      Verb List

Verbs describe what happens or a state. Verbs have a base form (infinitive). Verbs are also called Action words, or time words. Verbs are always written in lowercase, unless they are used as nouns. The ending of a verb in the infinitive is usually -en, The ending is very rare -n

Examples: runen, goen, seeen, lifeen, gameen, sailn, hailn, celebrationn. ..

1.2.1      Present tense

The present tense describes what is happening right now. It also describes facts: Hamburg is located on the Elbe River.

Examples: I'm telling my father about the accident. She's writing a letter right now. You have a mark on the tip of your nose.

1.2.2      Preterite (past tense)

When writing about or telling a story about the past, the preterite (past tense) is used.

Example: Dear Lara! Yesterday I went to a 3D cinema. Even the advertisements before the film were in 3D. The film had fantastic 3D effects. The actor gave the best performance. who represented the hero. Best regards Ayleen

1.2.3      Perfect tense (present perfect)

When you talk about something that has already happened, you use the present perfect tense. Many verbs in the perfect tense are formed with "haben" (to have).

Examples: I asked, we were asleep, you saw

Many verbs of locomotion (go - I) am gone, running - I am walked, flying - we are flown) will be with 'be' educated.

1.2.4      Pluperfect (Perfect Past)

When describing an event in the past and wanting to indicate that something happened beforehand, the pluperfect tense is used. The pluperfect is formed with the simple past tense of 'haben' (I had said) and 'sein' (I had been).

Examples: Before I went to school, I had already been to the kiosk. I had fallen asleep before the teacher came into the classroom.

1.2.5      Future I (Future)

Future I is formed with the auxiliary verb 'werden' and the verb in the infinitive.

Examples: I'm going swimming tomorrow.

1.2.6      Future Perfect (completed future)

If you want to report on something that will end at a specific point in the future, then you use the future perfect tense.The future perfect tense is formed with 'werden', the past participle and the auxiliary verbs haben/sein in the infinitive.

Examples: I will have gone swimming tomorrow afternoon.

1.2.7      Auxiliary verbs

Auxiliary verbs are: haben, sein, werden. Compound tenses can be formed using auxiliary verbs.

Examples: I just arrived. You had been ill. She will visit us. We will have finished school.

Auxiliary verbs can also stand alone with an adverb, noun, or adjective.

Examples: She's upstairs. Our class is having fun. He is happy.

1.2.8      Modal verbs

Verbs also exist as Modal verbs. Modal verbs are: wollen (to want), sollen (should), müssen (must), dürfen (may), können (can), mögen (like). They can also be used with the base form of a other verbs They stand. Then modal verbs explain how a sentence should be understood.

Examples of the use of modal verbs with and without another verb: I likes Cocoa. We want away. I will call. Cara should ask. We must now start. I may more sweets eat. She will home run. Markus should now come. Can you learn?

1.3      List of adjectives

Adjectives describe Things and living beings in more detail. Adjectives are written in lowercase.

Examples: the beautiful flower, the little boy, the big house

Adjectives change their endings when they are replaced by a noun. is changed from singular to plural.

Examples: the fast train - the fastn Trains

1.3.1      Adjectives are comparative and superlative forms.

Basic level	Level of improvement	Maximum level
fast	faster	fastest
dear	Dear	rather
nice	nice	nicest

Examples: The picture is beautiful. That picture is beautiful.he. This picture is the most beautifulsten.

The irregular comparison of adjectives

Positive	comparative	superlative
good	better	preferably
much	more	the most
high	higher	the highest
close	closer	the next

1.3.2      The predicative use of the adjective

The adjective is part of the verb (predicative use)
When an adjective is used as part of a verb, it follows the noun and is not inflected (declined). With verbs remain, be or become The adjective does not change.

Examples: She is nice. He is old. She remains satisfied. He remains responsive. He becomes Uncomfortable. One becomes tired.

1.3.3      The adverbial use of the adjective

An adjective is closely related to the verb (adverbial use of the adjective)
When an adjective modifies a verb, it is not inflected (declined). Here too, the adjective follows the noun.

Examples: The man laughs loudly. The teacher speaks softly. The door creaks unpleasantly.

1.4      Pronoun List

pronoun (Pronouns) stand for a Nouns. Pronouns prevent noun repetition. Pronouns can also accompany nouns.

Examples: TIMO is his birthday today. He is his birthday today. The excavator has the house demolished. He It tore it down.

We'll explain the 4 most important pronouns.

1.4.1      Personal pronouns

The personal pronouns ring I you he she it we you they. Personal pronouns can also be used in various cases decline. (Example: I give you the book (incorrect). I give you the book (correct).)

Examples: I do it mine Tasks. I Start the engine. The tasks are me not too heavy. Me is not entirely comfortable with this matter. We have something to contribute here. One can us but also give an answer.

1.4.2      Reflexive pronouns

The reflexive pronoun It refers back to the subject (reflexive = referring back). Reflexive pronouns occur in the dative and accusative cases. In the first and second person and in the genitive of the third person, the reflexive forms agree with the forms of the personal pronoun.

	I	you	he she it	we	her	she
dative	me	you	itself	us	you	itself
accusative	me	you	itself	us	you	itself

1.4.3      Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns determine ownership and are based on the person they refer to or a thing.

Personal pronouns person	Possessive pronouns
I 1st person singular	my
you 2nd person singular	your
he 3rd person singular	be
she 3rd person singular	her
it 3rd person singular	be
we 1st person plural	our
her 2nd person plural	your
she 3rd person plural	her

1.4.4      relative

Relative pronouns such as the, the, the, which, which, which, who and What Relative pronouns appear at the beginning of a relative clause. "Der," "die," and "das" are the most common relative pronouns. The relative pronoun refers to a preceding noun or group of nouns.

Examples: The people, whose Fate, which we do not know, remains unknown. The country, whose I like a landscape and will visit it. The students, those If a university course is offered, they will continue learning. An incident, the one cannot accept. The acquaintances, the They saw me while I was shopping.

1.5      Particle list

As Particles are words that not They can be inflected (conjugated). For example, they can be used to express personal feelings in a sentence. Sensations, Opinions and the degree expressing something and are primarily used in spoken Language is an important component. Particles include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. They are no own sentence elements and they can not be asked.

Particles have usually no grammatical function.

Examples: just, stop, yes, once, at all, probably, just, exactly, but, completely, only, because, even etc.

Particles can be divided into the following groups:

1.5.1      Degree particles

Degree particles Adverbials provide information about the degree, or strength, of something. They are very often used in conjunction with adverbs or adjectives.

Examples: very, somewhat, too, quite, totally, rather, absolutely, extremely, completely, unusually, somewhat, enormously, hardly, etc.

1.5.2      Focus particles

Focus particles allow for the highlighting or limitation of a specific part of a statement.

Examples: unique, at least, precisely, also, merely, only, at least, at best, just, above all, etc.

1.5.3      Modal particles

Modal particles (Modal particles) give a statement a personal touch, i.e. they can reflect the speaker's attitude.

Examples: well, yes, but, wait, because, sometimes, actually, maybe, just, probably, at all, etc.

1.6      The top exercise sites

1.6.1      Noun Exercises

The Swiss website for interactive learning with helpful exercises on nouns: https://www.ilern.ch/nomen/

1.6.2      Verb Exercises

Grammar exercises for conjugating verbs:

https://mein-deutschbuch.de/grammatikuebungen-verbkonjugation.html

1.6.3      Adjective exercises

Free worksheets on adjectives:

https://www.grundschulkoenig.de/deutsch/2-klasse/adjektive-wiewoerter/

1.6.4      Pronoun exercises

Grammatical exercises on the word formation of pronouns:

https://www.schularena.com/deutsch/grammatik/wortlehre/pronomen

1.6.5      Particle Exercises

Interactive exercises on particles: https://www.schularena.com/deutsch/grammatik/wortlehre/partikel